Monitoring and Genesis Analysis of Surface Deformation in Shenxianpo Coal Mine, Liupanshui Using SBAS-InSAR Technology

Abstract

The karst landscape of Guizhou is notably developed, with complex geological conditions where surface deformation often exhibits characteristics of concealment, abruptness, and nonlinearity. Traditional ground-based monitoring methods are limited by terrain and accessibility, making it difficult to achieve comprehensive coverage of the study area. Differential interferometric radar technology is prone to interference from temporal-spatial decorrelation and atmospheric errors under complex topographic conditions. Based on 54 scenes of Sentinel-1A satellite data from the Shenxianpo Coal Mine in Liupanshui, this study applied the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique to analyze the time-series characteristics of surface deformation. The results indicate that during the period from January 12, 2023, to January 1, 2025, the mining area exhibited a non-uniform subsidence trend from west to east, with a maximum cumulative subsidence of approximately 138 mm and a maximum subsidence rate of about 62 mm/a. As mining activities continued, surface subsidence showed an accelerating trend, and the affected area gradually expanded, revealing a significant correlation between mining intensity and surface deformation. This study verifies the efficiency and reliability of the SBAS-InSAR technique in monitoring surface deformation in mining areas, providing a reference case for early warning of geological hazards and safety management in similar mining regions in southwestern China.