From “Technology Transfer” to “Talent Mobility”: Paradigm Reconstruction and Path Selection for Overcoming the Dilemma of Scientific and Technological Achievement Transformation in Chinese Universities

Abstract

The transformation of scientific and technological achievements in Chinese universities has long been confronted with the structural dilemma of “high investment, high output, but low transformation efficiency.” Existing transformation policies have primarily focused on the establishment of technology transfer institutions and incentive mechanisms for benefit distribution, while rarely addressing the fundamental contradiction of the disconnection between research activities and market demands at the source. This paper argues that the policy paradigm should be systematically shifted from “encouraging achievement transformation” to “promoting the mobility of scientific researchers.” By constructing a four-dimensional policy framework integrating institutional innovation, evaluation reform, rights and interests protection, and innovation ecosystem development, this study proposes substantive incentives to encourage researchers to work in enterprises, participate in industrial research and development, or engage in entrepreneurship. A people-centered approach can facilitate the efficient transfer of tacit knowledge, deepen the integration of innovation networks, and achieve early alignment between research activities and market demands, thereby enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system. Based on literature analysis, comparative research, and policy analysis, this study provides a new theoretical perspective and practical pathway for advancing reform of the science and technology system.