"Value, Paradox, and Optimization": The Value Rationale, Technical Limitations, and Application Strategies of Artificial Intelligence Empowering Military Theory Courses in Higher Education

Abstract

With the digital transformation of education, artificial intelligence (AI) is driving systematic changes in the teaching philosophy, content structure, and practical approaches of military theory courses in higher education. Leveraging technologies such as data profiling, virtual simulation, and knowledge graphs, the teaching model has transformed from one-way knowledge delivery to immersive experiences and contextualized cognition. The knowledge system has undergone modular restructuring. Through practices like battlefield simulations and war-gaming, both the course appeal and the effectiveness of national defense education have been significantly enhanced. However, challenges remain, including insufficient AI literacy among instructors, the potential erosion of teacher-student agency by algorithmic power, and data privacy risks. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve teacher training and human-machine collaboration mechanisms, and to establish robust data classification management and ethical review frameworks. This aims to unify technological empowerment with value guidance, thereby fostering a new ecosystem for military theory courses in higher education that upholds fundamental principles while encouraging innovation.