Research on Legal Separation Schemes and Exercise Rules for Data Ownership, Usufruct, and Profit Rights

Abstract

As data becomes a new factor of production, the construction of a data property rights system has emerged as a core issue in the development of the digital economy. Based on the theoretical framework of the "tripartite separation" of data property rights and incorporating practices such as data resource management in China's power grid enterprises, this paper explores legal schemes and exercise rules for the separation of data ownership, usufruct, and profit rights. The article analyzes the legal basis for the structural separation of data property rights, proposes a separation path centered on "data resource holding rights, data processing and use rights, and data product management rights," and constructs a system of exercise rules from dimensions such as registration, authorization, circulation, profit distribution, and security regulation, aiming to promote the efficient circulation of data elements and the fair distribution of benefits.